Age-specific Reference Ranges for Prostate-specific Antigen in Dalian / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To determine the age-specific normal ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in Dalian,China.Methods Serum samples were collected from 8 453 asymptomatic men who underwent health examinations at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University.Results The median PSA level was 0.93 μg/L,and the interquartile level was 0.81 μg/L.The 95th percentile level was 3.49 μg/L.The 95th percentile levels according to age group were:20 to ＜30 years,0 to 1.67 μg/L;30 to ＜40 years,0 to 2.01 μg/L;40 to ＜50 years,0 to 2.41 μg/L;50 to ＜60 years,0 to 3.25 μg/L;60 to ＜70 years,0 to 3.92 μg/L;70 to ＜80 years,0 to 5.48 μg/L;and older than 80 years,0 to 9.35 μg/L.The differences between the different age groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The serum PSA value was positively correlated with age (r =0.251,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion There were clear differences in age-specific PSA levels in Dalian,and these were lower than the standard OESTERLING.Screening for prostate cancer according to age-specific PSA reference values may be useful in the early detection of prostate cancer and may also reduce the risk of over-diagnosis.

Preparative resolution of gatifloxacin enantiomers with pre-column esterification strategy and comparing their enantioselectivity to bacteria and antibody / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Gatifloxacin (GFX) is a kind of chiral fluoroquinolones compound due to the methyl group at the C-3 position of the piperazine ring[1]. Although the enantiomers of GFX show similar levels of antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics[2], the other biological activities (i.e., toxicity or enantioselective recognition to various receptors in vivo) of GFX enantiomers have not yet been studied. With this in mind, we developed a rapid and cost-effective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation procedure for GFX enantiomers with a pre-column esterification strategy. With significant enhancement of drug solubility and optimization for chromatographic conditions, the proposed method was scaled up to preparative HPLC to obtain optical active S-(-)- and R-(+)-GFX. The antibacterial activities of GFX enantiomers after preparative separation were further verified by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In addition, the binding selectivity of GFX enantiomers to protein receptor were evaluated by antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the first time.

Determination of Organic Acids from Mainstream Cigarette Smoke using Ultra Low Temperature Solvent Extraction Followed by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extraction-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquid-liquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,O-bis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB-1 (30 m × 0. 25 mm, 1. 0 μm) as the 1st column and DB-wax (1. 5 m × 0. 1 mm, 0. 1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450 . The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0 . 99 , and the average recoveries were between 80. 17% and 107. 81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0 . 4%-12 . 1% ( n=5 ) . The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1 . 3-24 . 5 μg/kg and 4. 1-77. 1 μg/kg, respectively.

Immune responses and anti-tumor effects after radiofrequency ablation therapy in tumor patients / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Radiofrequency ablation therapy not only causes the necrosis of localized tumor cells,but also produces immunogenic tumor associated antigens and a large number of inflammatory cytokines and a variety of immunogenic mediums,which promotes the local infiltration and activation of immune cells and stimulates the immune system to produce certain anti-tumor effect.But the intensity of anti-tumor effect is feeble and is insufficient to inhibit the growth of tumor cells.Radiofrequency ablation therapy combined with special immunotherapies,such as immune stimulants,adoptive immunity cells therapy,dendritic cell vaccines,monoclonal antibodies and so on,can maximize the clinical benefit,which is a good pattern about tumor comprehensive treatment containing immunotherapy.

Systemic review of fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast track surgery(FTS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Randomized controlled trials(RCT) or clinical controlled trials(CCT) on fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were obtained from databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, EMBACE, and Cochrane Library between January 2000 and March 2012. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 6 RCTs and 7 CCTs including 1795 patients. There were 955 patients in the FTS group and 840 in the control group. The time to passage of flatus was shorter(WMD=-1.37, 95%CI:-1.55~-1.19, P<0.05), time to resumption of diet/drink was shorter(WMD=-2.62, 95%CI:-2.69~-2.55, P<0.05), length of postoperative hospital stay was decreased(WMD=-1.63, 95%CI:-1.92~-1.34, P<0.05) and the incidence of postoperative complications were less(OR=0.52, 95%CI:0.41~0.67, P<0.05) in the FTS group. However, there were no differences in readmission(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection can promote bowel function recovery, decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.</p>

Research on health cost of pesticide application and influence factors / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure quantitatively the health costs of 380 farmer families using the pesticides and influence factors, and to provide the base for establishing the protective measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the surveyed data of rice producers in Anhui province, a quantitative analysis of health cost of pesticide application was conducted with COI, the influence factors on farmers' pesticide application have been examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results shown that the health cost of pesticide application was as RMB 54.44 yuans per farmer a year. The influence factors of health cost were the amount and time of pesticide application, protective facilities, pesticide label illiteracy, age, gender and education level of farmers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The measures of reducing the health cost for pesticide application were to train the farmers for knowledge of pesticide application and occupational safety, to provide convenient and cheap protective equipment and instructions of pesticide application and to standardize pesticide labels.</p>

Prospective clinical control study on concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the effects and toxic side effects of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 141 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma divided into two groups randomly.All patients treated two-dimension exact radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy which combined DDP and 5-Fu intravenously for two circles,then experiment group started adjuvant chemotherapy 3 weeks later after above treatment,which intravenous DDP and 5-Fu for other three circles.Results All patients completed concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy,63 patients of treatment group completed adjuvant chemotherapy.The mainly toxic side effect was mucositis,leukopenia and low-platelet,and gastrointestinal reaction during therapy,there is no statistical significance in two groups.The regression rate of lymph nodes is 94.4 ％(n=67)and 87.3 ％(n=62)in nasopharynx and neck after 3 month of radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy.All patients followed up 3 years.The total survival rate of two groups were 94.3 ％,84.8 ％,78.6 ％ and 90.1％,75.0 ％,62.5 ％ respectly in 1,2 and 3 year,the mean survival period was 36 months and 27 months,and this differece was statistical significance(x2=7.356,P=0.007).The total survival rate of Ⅲ stage patients of two groups were 98.2 ％,92.5 ％,83.7 ％ and 93.0 ％,83.2 ％,68.2 ％ respectly in 1,2 and 3 year,the both mean survival period was 36 months,and this differece was statistical significance(x2=8.081,P=0.005).The total survival rate of Ⅳ stage patients of two groups were 81.3 ％、53.8 ％、42.9 ％ and 78.6 ％、36.4 ％ 、22.3 ％ respectly in 1,2 and 3 year,the meat survival period were 22 month and 14 month respectly,and this differece was statistical significance(x2=3.903,P=0.048).The progression-free survival rate of two groups were 90.0 ％、76.2 ％、68.8 ％,and 81.7 ％、60.3 ％、34.3 ％ respectly in 1,2 and 3 year,the meat progression-free survival period was 30months and 22months,and this differece was statistical significance as well(x2=13.616,P=0.000).Conclusion The therapy of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy was obviously increased total survival rate and progression-free survival rate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,especially to Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage patient of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.But the long period effects still remains unclear.